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European put–call parity with a discount factor

For compatible European options with no underlying income, C0 + KD = S0 + P0 under the stated no-arbitrage assumptions.

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Match one underlying and one terminal strike amount

At expiry, underlying plus put gives S+max(K−S,0). Call plus a certain K gives max(S−K,0)+K. Both equal max(S,K). The strike-funded leg is a terminal amount, not K paid again today.

Discount the terminal cash leg

D is the current discount factor for certain cash due at the same expiry. The current cost of terminal K is KD. The selected price equality uses same-underlying, same-strike, same-expiry European options and no intervening underlying income or benefit.

C0+KD=S0+P0C_0+KD=S_0+P_0

This is a current-value relationship under compatible contract and financing assumptions.

Recover a missing price on the stated basis

With S0 = 100, K = 100, D = 0.95 and C0 = 8, the implied put is 8+95−100 = 3. This is a consistency calculation, not a model that separately estimates all option-pricing inputs.

Avoid an unqualified extension

American exercise opportunities, dividends, different strikes, mismatched expiries or transaction frictions require their own treatment. A discrepancy in entered quotes does not by itself identify an executable transaction.

Further references