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Record the supplied loss distribution
| Loss units | Probability | Cumulative probability |
|---|---|---|
| −10 | 30% | 30% |
| 0 | 40% | 70% |
| 10 | 25% | 95% |
| 50 | 5% | 100% |
Allocate the worst 10%
Start with the largest loss: 50 has 5% probability, so include all of it. Another 5% mass is needed. The next loss 10 has 25% probability, so include only 5% of that 25%, or one fifth of its probability mass.
Compute the selected weighted average
| Loss | Included probability | Probability × loss |
|---|---|---|
| 50 | 0.05 | 2.5 |
| 10 | 0.05 | 0.5 |
| Other outcomes | 0 | 0 |
| Sum | 0.10 | 3 |
Divide by selected probability
The selected weighted average is 3/0.10=30 loss units. The lower quantile is 10, and the model maximum is 50. Each result answers a different question. The boundary allocation changes its inclusion weight, not its economic loss amount.
Reconcile the selected mass
Sum the included probabilities before interpreting the average. Using a total of 30% or 5% would describe a different conditional subset rather than the selected 10% tail.