On this page
Read the horizon of each input
A monthly standard deviation and an annual standard deviation do not belong in the same unqualified covariance product. Establish a common period or an explicitly justified conversion first. The calculator does not infer dates from a percentage.
Keep the return definition consistent
Price-only and total returns, local-currency and converted returns, and different cost treatments can describe different series. A correlation label cannot repair incompatible underlying observations.
Record how the input was obtained
| Field | Review question |
|---|---|
| Period | Which matched interval? |
| Return definition | Income/currency/cost basis? |
| Observations | Matching dates and missing values? |
| Estimator | Sample, population model or another method? |
| Status | Historical estimate or assumed scenario? |
Retain uncertainty after arithmetic checks
Consistent units permit the calculation, but do not validate an estimate or forecast. Keep the source and estimation choice beside the result, and review whether the input is appropriate for the task.