Formulas

• Simple and effective annualization of discount costs

  Use the simple and effective annualization of discount costs relationship with explicit definitions.

  Formulas

• Period cost of forgoing an invoice discount

  Use the period cost of forgoing an invoice discount relationship with explicit definitions.

  Formulas

• Bonferroni thresholds and the family error bound

  Divide a family error budget across valid individual tests.

  Formulas

• Error probability across independent tests

  Use the complement calculation with its independence and true-null assumptions.

  Formulas

• Standard error of an independent mean

  Distinguish uncertainty of a mean from variability of individual observations.

  Formulas

• Normal-test p-values by direction

  Calculate upper, lower and two-sided tails for a standard-normal statistic.

  Formulas

• Finite-population variance of a simple random mean

  Keep the population divisor and without-replacement sample rule explicit.

  Formulas

• Population-weighted stratum mean

  Combine stratum sample means using defined population-unit shares.

  Formulas